Internationalisation

Thursday 31 March 2016

HOW TO MAKE A FIRE WITH A LEMON?

This is incredible! In this post I will show you how to create fire with a lemon and some other small additional things. It looks really simple to be executed and it is worth it to be tried. Watch carefully the whole consistency of making the fire.


EVER PLAYED BADMINTON?

Have you played badminton before? It is a very interesting game with a racquet, a shuttlecock, a new and a field. The lines on the field are very similar to the tennis ones. Watch the tutorial and learn the basic motion examples which you need to start.
ENJOY!


LEARN THE OMRON SYSMAC CJ2M-CPU33!

Welcome back! We continue the Omron series here. Now it is time for the CJ2M-CPU33 PLC!
Learn how to wire it, connect to it, configure it and last, but not least - program it and make use of it! You will need the Omron software - CX-Programmer to do all this. This is one powerfull CPU Unit! If you need any assistance with it - just reach me on Contacts page! Goodluck!
:)
 

Wednesday 30 March 2016

Basic First Aid Training HD

This is something really important! Watch this video and learn the basic first aid
which can help you save some poeple's life! Every man and woman
must have these skills in critical situations.


Tuesday 29 March 2016

HOW TO PROGRAM A SIEMENS PLC?

Today we continue with Siemens PLCs programming, configuring and more! The simatic manager is the ultimate software for all these purposes. Watch and learn how to connect your PLC, how to configure it - unit by unit. Write your first program code and even simulate it! Yes - there is a simulation opportunity. There are many more applications and possibilities, which we will find in time.
Learn the basics first, step by step. ;)

 

Monday 28 March 2016

ANOTHER ITALIAN BEAST!

Another day, another great car! This one is italian again and one of the most famous 
cars in the world. We talk about the classic red - more specifically -
Ferrari, Ferrari 458 Italia. A classic gem for a big fan. 
Watch the test drive and see what this beast
is capable of. Go go go!


 

Sunday 27 March 2016

U WANNA KNOW HOW TO SET UP A ROUTER?

Hi! Setting up a router is not so hard as you may think. There are some basic things
 you must learn and you can cope with almost every device of  this kind!
Just look at this video and listen carefully for the tips.
If you still have issues, you can reach me
through the Contacts page!


Saturday 26 March 2016

BULGARIA WIN VS PORTUGAL IN LEIRIA!

Last night Bulgaria win agains Portugal in Leiria. Watch the Portugal vs Bulgaria 0-1 All Goals & Highlights.
There were very good and interesting situations, missed goals and even missed penalty by 
Cristiano Ronaldo, which don't happen often!
Enjoy!


Friday 25 March 2016

HOW TO PASS YOUR DRIVING EXAM EASILY

This one is really important! Most of the people have experienced the driving exam! The pressure reflects in different ways to different people. Watch these tips and try to remember most of them.
It is essential to keep calm during the exam. Try to concentrate on the road situation
 and listen carefully to the inspector!
Good Luck!

Thursday 24 March 2016

STAR SIZE COMPARISON!

Have you ever thought about the different planets' size? About the Milky Way?
About the Sun or other star's size? Watch this incredible video and see the
every single size of planets and stars, compared to our good
old Earth! :)


SEE THESE EPIC FAILS! :)

Time for some laugh and relax today! Enjoy this funny video, full with funny moments from life!
It is a real mood inspiration!
:)


Wednesday 23 March 2016

ALWAYS WANTED TO DRIVE A LAMBORGHINI?

After the little Krohne journey, today is time for some italian specialty! The powerful Lamborghini Aventador Roadster! 
This is my favourite brand since my youngest years. :)
Watch the test drive and listen to this sensing engine voice.
EnjoY!
 

Tuesday 22 March 2016

AMAZING VIDEO OF OPTISWIRL 4200!

This is a continuing from the previous post about Krohne Optiswirl. You can see the newest upgraded version of it, many applications and animations in this video. Watch it for sure and ask for some connection, configuration or calibration issues! This is one powerful device! :P

 

Monday 21 March 2016

ANOTHER KROHNE METER!

Today we look at Krohne devices again. This time on the mark is Optiswirl 4070! To configure or calibrate it, you will need a software to do it with a computer. It can be done manually with the buttons under the display. Continue reading below for more data about it. You can ask me too!

OPTISWIRL 4070 Vortex Flowmeter
  • Integrated pressure and temperature compensation
  • Temperature compensation for saturated steam included as standard
  • All OPTISWIRL versions in 2-wire technology
The OPTISWIRL 4070 is the first vortex flowmeter to feature integrated pressure and temperature compensation in 2-wire technology. It provides reliable measurement of operating, standard volumetric and mass flow of conductive and nonconductive liquids, gases and vapours, even with fluctuating pressures and temperatures. 

Highlights:
  • 2-wire device with integrated pressure and temperature compensation
  • Non-wearing, fully welded stainless steel construction with high corrosion, pressure and temperature resistance
  • Optimal process reliability thanks to Intelligent Signal Processing (ISP) - stable readings, free of external perturbations
  • Ready to use immediately thanks to plug & play
  • Maintenance-free measuring sensor design
  • PACTware available at no extra cost
  • Pressure and temperature available via HART
Industries:
  • Chemicals
  • Oil & Gas
  • Power plants
  • Food & Beverage
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Iron, Steel and Metals
  • Paper and pulp
  • Water
  • Automobile industry
Applications:
  • Vapour and saturated steam measurement
  • Steam boiler monitoring
  • Monitoring of compressor output
  • Measurement of consumption in compressed air systems
  • Measurement of consumption of industrial gases
  • SIP and CIP processes in the food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries
  • Measurement of conductive and non-conductive liquids

Sunday 20 March 2016

THE NEVER SEEN DARK SIDE OF THE MOON!

Watch this interesting shots of the moon! NASA's Deep Space Climate Observatory satellite, or "DSCOVR" for short, recently captured a series of images showing the dark side of the moon moving across a very sunlit side of the Earth. It almost looks like a low-budget special effect, but it's simply something we've never seen in such detail before. The camera used to capture the images only has four megapixels and sits aboard the DSCOVR satellite at an orbit of around a million miles from Earth. A similar view of the Earth and moon was captured in 2008—but from 31 million miles away when the Earth was only slightly illuminated. DSCOVR project scientist Adam Szabo, broke it down, "Our planet is a truly brilliant object in dark space compared to the lunar surface.”



Saturday 19 March 2016

THE VERY BEAUTIFUL STARA ZAGORA!

Today I start a giant series of the Bulgarian and then world nature beauties. Great news for all nature-lovers around the world. There will be tons of beautiful photos, places and videos. The first place in our giant journey is my hometown - Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. This is the greenest and the prettiest town in Bulgaria!
Enjoy!



Friday 18 March 2016

WANNA PROGRAM A CAR?

Greetings!
 This time I will show you a small example of the car's ECU programming process. It sounds strange, but this is what is done indeed. More specifically - with the car's brain a.k.a. computer (ECU, CPU etc.). You will need some stuff except the laptop and the car. There are special softwwares and connections for this purpose and this example is only to show how it's done and the whole process details. With this software on the laptop, you can do diagnostics, clean errors, tune parameters and others of the CPU.
There are a lot of fans of this practice.
Watch!


Thursday 17 March 2016

THE BULGARIAN SATELLITE!

Incredible! Only here you can track the one and only Bulgarian satellite in space.
Follow the link and track the satellite. 


See all its way through the globe. You can track others too.
Write your opinions as a comment. I will be glad to read it.


Enjoy!

NEWEST NIKON CAMERA!

Hello on Thursday morning! You love to shoot? I bet on it, especially the girls. :) 
I will show you the best of the best brand when comes to photography. It's been a while since Nikon introduced its D5300 DSLR, so what better time to upgrade that model than during CES 2015? Meet the Nikon D5500, the company's new DSLR, geared toward people who, perhaps, have just started to get into photography. Having said that, the D5500 is no slouch, and should have no trouble appealing to prosumers as well. Nikon's D5500 features a 24.2-megapixel CMOS sensor without an optical low-pass filter, a.k.a. OLPF, which is great for producing high-quality, sharper images. To tie it all together, there's a 3.2-inch, adjustable LCD touchscreen on the back -- an upgrade from the D5300. Nikon says the D5500 can handle up to 820 shots per charge with 60 percent flash usage, or 3200 without any at all. While it may look very similar to the D5300 from the outside, the D5500 is a definite improvement over its predecessor. It's already available on market (body-only), and you'll have the option to choose between the traditional black hue or a spicier red. 

 

There are many extras with it, of course, as well as additional gadgets. Specially for a big photography fans and real professionals. If any questions come up, you can turn for a word here.
Happy shooting!

Wednesday 16 March 2016

XIAOMI

Have you ever heard or used Xiaomi smartphone? Chinese engineers have done a great job. The Xiaomi Mi6 is rumored to be the first Xiaomi smartphone to debut in markets such as Canada, US, and others who have been patiently waiting true premium quality, budget friendly smartphones. The Mi6 is also rumored to be getting some serious upgrades, and Xiaomi intends on maintaining the consumer friendly prices. Priced almost half below that of many of its competitors such as Apple, LG, Samsung, HTC and more.
;)

Xiaomi Mi6 Rumors, Specs, Features, Price, Release Date Info 

Mi6 Specs:

Screen
The Mi6 is rumored to be getting a slight size enhancement as the 5.0” Mi5 will be getting an extra couple of inches in the Xiaomi Mi6 screen. It’s looking like Xiaomi will be holding nothing back with the screen specs which include a 4K screen, and an unheard of 4096 x 2160 resolution. If the latest Xiaomi Mi6 rumor holds true, this may bring a screen with a ppi near 700.

Processor
A Qualcomm Snapdragon octa-core processor will be seen again, but will be getting a step up in speed. The Mi5 processor was clocked at 2.3 GHZ, and the Mi6 is expected to be clocked at 2.5 – 2.7 GHZ.

Camera
If you’re looking for camera specs, than the Mi6 will not disappoint. Both the front and rear cameras will surely be getting an upgrade, and the new camera features will go a long way. Leaks suggesting a 23 MP rear camera and a 7 MP front camera will compare to other high-end Android releases.

As you can see, the new phones from this brand will be very promising. I have experience with Redmi 1S and more so you can ask me about it anytime!

Tuesday 15 March 2016

CAR BASICS UNDER THE HOOD


Welcome back! It is time to look under the hood! These car basics are very useful for
beginnersand interested people. Look carefully what are the parts and where
are they located. For every car they may vary by spot of location.
We will continue the car serie really soon. Do not miss it!
Later! :)


Monday 14 March 2016

SENSUS SENSORS


Ahoj! I have experienced some skills with these sensors recently. The HRI-Mei sensor reading device is a data interface for pulse output for industrial water meters. It provides a high-resolution pulse output with a flow direction signal. The data interface can be used for M-Bus applications. Designed for industrial water meters like MeiStream and Mei Twin, the HRI-Mei can be retrofitted without breaking your meter’s metrological seal. It is also built to withstand harsh environments, like flooded pits. Read the documentation carefully before wire, install, test etc. Applications for HRI-Mei:
  • Industrial monitor and control applications and SCADA systems
  • Flow rate indication using frequency converters like FM-1D/K or FM-2D/K
  • Local meter reading for billing applications
  • Meter remote reading and profiling via cable fixed networks with M-Bus, radio modem or GSM network
  • Data logging in conjunction with various data loggers (i.e., CDL)
 Ask if you face any difficulties! :)

Benefits

  • Is compatible with commercial and industrial water meters like MeiStream and MeiTwin MID
  • Clips onto an appropriate water meter without breaking the meter’s seal
  • Detects water flow direction
  • Supports other applications requiring reed switches or optical pulse outputs
  • Accommodates a second pulser (depending on the register)

Sunday 13 March 2016

EXTRA CASH ONLINE!

Hello there! I represent and recommend to you these two websites, where you can
earn an extra income, depending on the work you do and the time you spend
on them. The first and the best from ALL is Clixsense!
You can get in here:


There are plenty of opportunities to earn money there! Just check them all and 
choose for yourself.


The secong one is Neobux, which also is very good. I give it a second place,
 because Clixsense is much better. You can try it here:


Both websites are LEGIT and pay up ALWAYS! Don't worry
about that - they are checked and investigated 
very hard! :)

Saturday 12 March 2016

OPC SERVER/CLIENT

Hello! Today I will show you a very important part of the SCADA system. This is the
OPC Server.There are many types and brands, but most of them function
very similarly. The server must be configured appropriately so as the tags.
There is also a OPC Client to read the tags.
Watch for more info!


Friday 11 March 2016

ICONICS 64 BIT

Hi again! The first 64-bit HMI/SCADA System is here. By Iconics.
It can help you visualise and control industrial and more
processes through a computer or other 
device. Watch the video.
Enjoy!




Thursday 10 March 2016

EPLAN BASICS

Welcome back! Today we continue with the Eplan Electric and start the program
as well as trying to create some basic schemes. Listen carefully to
the tips and hints here.

Wednesday 9 March 2016

DANFOSS TOOLS

Hello, friends! Today we meet some danish control hardware & software. Danfoss Drives
 software tools allow you to empower your AC drive by providing easy operation
 and the highest level of customization. To make it easier for you to identify
 the relevant tool, they have been grouped under different categories
 according to the purpose for which you will be using them or
 related to specific benefits.The offering also includes energy
 calculation software and PC tools for motor sizing or calculation
 of harmonic distortion. Some of the tools are web-based, others 
are standalone programs that will need to be installed to your PC. 

 
VLT Motion Control Tool MCT 10 enables configuration of a VLT AC drive or softstarter
from a PC and offers drive updates. To install MCT 10 Basic: open the
downloaded file, enter CD keycode 12314500, do not enter a licence key.
Tick the box “Install basic version with limited functionality”.
To install MCT 10 Advanced - contact your local Danfoss Drives representative
If you meet some difficulties... ask and learn! :)

Tuesday 8 March 2016

MOXA MEDIA CONVERTER

I present to you - IMC-21GA Series, the Industrial Gigabit Ethernet-to-fiber media converter of 
Moxa and it is perfect for long distance ethernet data transfer. It usually goes with some 
splice cassette. Take a look at the info below and be careful :P

 

Features and Benefits
  • Supports 1000Base-SX/LX with SC connector, or SFP slot
  • Link Fault Pass-through (LFP)
  • 10K jumbo frame
  • Redundant power input
  • -40 to 75°C operating temperature range (T models)
  • Supports Energy Efficient Ethernet (IEEE 802.3az)
More info:
The IMC-21GA industrial Gigabit media converters are designed to provide reliable and stable 10/100/1000BaseT(X) to 100/1000Base-SX/LX or selected 100/1000Base SFP module media conversion. The IMC-21GA supports IEEE 802.3az (Energy Efficient Ethernet) and 10K jumbo frames, allowing them to save power and enhance transmission performance. The converters come with a relay output warning alarm to help prevent damage and loss, and all IMC 21GA models are subjected to a 100% burn-in test, and are available in models that support a standard operating temperature range of 0 to 60°C, and an extended operating temperature range of -40 to 75°C.

Monday 7 March 2016

YASKAWA START

A1000 Drive offers a lot. It can do almost anything with motion control and it is the highest

level drive of the series. It can be configured on few ways such as

Drive Wizard Industrial. 

A1000 Drives
 


The A1000 is a full featured drive, providing outstanding quality, performance, flexibility, and environmental friendliness through 1000HP. Enjoy network communications, feedback, and expandable I/O to control anything from simple fans and pumps to complex machines. For new installations or retrofits, the A1000 provides a single robust solution, regardless of your application.
Feature Highlights
  • Closed or open loop vector control for outstanding regulation, torque production, and position control capability
  • Continuous Auto-tuning optimizes performance by compensating for changes in motor temperature
  • High Frequency Injection enables high precision open loop control of Interior Permanent Magnet Motors
  • Fast acting current and voltage limiters help achieve continuous drive operation during periods of excessive demand
  • High Slip Braking reduces installation cost and the need for dynamic braking resistors
  • Communication options for all major industrial networks provides high speed control and monitoring, reducing installation cost
  • DriveWizard computer software and Application Sets for easy configuration
  • Auxiliary Control Power Unit maximizes production time and efficiency by maintaining network communication while main power is removed
  • Embedded Safe Torque Off minimizes downtime for applications requiring occasional intervention (SIL CL2, PLd, Category 3)
  • Embedded function blocks, programmable with DriveWorks EZ, provide additional application flexibility and the opportunity to eliminate separate controllers
  • USB Copy Unit and Keypad configuration storage provide speed and convenience for duplicate configuration of multiple drives
  • Removable terminal board with configuration storage provides convenience of configuration backup
  • Made with RoHS compliant materials
  • Integrated DC Reactor (standard on 30HP and larger) for input harmonic reduction
  • Kinetic Energy Braking allows drive to remain in control during momentary power losses
  • Integrated 12 Pulse version provides a cost effective solution for low harmonics
  • Flange version provides NEMA 12 backside integrity when mounting with heatsink external




  • Item
    Specification
    Overload Capacity150% for 60 sec. (HD), 120% for 60 sec. (ND)
    Output Frequency0~400 Hz (higher frequencies available with custom software)
    Control MethodsOpen and Closed Loop Current Vector;
    Open and Closed Loop V/f
    Motor TypesInduction
    Surface Permanent Magnet (excluding 600V class)
    Interior Permanent Magnet (excluding 600V class)
    Protective DesignIP20/NEMA1/FLANGE (NEMA 12 backside)
    Ambient Operating Temperature-10 to +50°C (Chassis Installation)
    -10 to +40°C (Chassis with zero side clearance, or Type 1)
    Braking TransistorStandard through 50HP (ND), 40HP (HD)
    Global CertificationUL, CSA, CE, C-Tick, RoHS
    Standard I/O(8) multi-function digital inputs (24Vdc)
    (3) multi-function analog inputs (0 +/- 10 VDC, 4-20 mA)
    (1) multi-function pulse inputs
    (1) fault relay output (form C)
    (3) multi-function relay outputs (form A)
    (2) multi-function analog output (0 +/- 10 VDC, 4-20mA)
    (1) multi-function pulse output
    I/O Expansion3 Analog Inputs -10 to +10V, 13 bit plus sign, 4 to 20mA
    16 Digital Inputs (+24V for BCD speed reference)
    2 Analog Outputs (-10 to +10V, 11 bit magnitude)
    8 Digital Outputs (6 transistor, 2 relay)
    FeedbackIncremental
    Absolute (Stegmann, Heidenhain EnDat, Resolver)
    Resolver
    Network CommunicationBuilt-in: Modbus RTU, RS-422/485, 115 kbps
    Optional: EtherNet IP, DeviceNet, Modbus TCP/IP, PROFINET, PROFIBUS-DP, MECHATROLINK-II
    Speed Control Range1500:1 Closed Loop Vector (IM and PM Motors)
    200:1 Open Loop Vector (IM Motors)
    100:1 Open Loop Vector (PM Motors)
    Speed Control Accuracy£ 0.02%: Closed Loop Vector; ≤ 0.2%; Open Loop Vector
    Speed Response≥ 60 Hz: Closed Loop Vector; ≥ 10 Hz: Open Loop Vector
    Torque Response≥ 300 Hz: Closed Loop Vector
    Function Block DiagramsUp to 100 connections, 1ms program scan time

    Additional specifications and instructions can be found within the A1000 Quick Start Manual.
    I can help with the installing, wiring, configuring, starting and even tuning it!

Sunday 6 March 2016

LEMON CHARGER!

Greetings! Can you imagine to charge your mobile phone with just a lemon? No way! :)
Take a good look at this simple solution of the engineering mind! :)
You can try it freely. Also take a look at other
interesting posts here.
Enjoy!


Saturday 5 March 2016

OMRON CX-PROGRAMMER

Hello! We continue the Omron course with the main tool for work - CX-Programmer and
more specifically this time - the I/O table creation. This software is 
very important and useful for programming
Omron PLCs.
Enjoy!

Friday 4 March 2016

COLOR MUSIC

Hi there! It's a great idea to build a vu meter which can reflect the music you play!
For this purpose we can use the LM3915!
This is one perfect music controller for 
a small circuit and hobbies.

Thursday 3 March 2016

3 MARCH - NATIONAL BULGARIAN HOLIDAY!

3 март - Национален празник на България - честване в Стара Загора!

3 March - National holiday of Bulgaria - celebrating in Stara Zagora - my hometown!

An unique 300m long bulgarian flag! Check this out!








Wednesday 2 March 2016

Top 30 Most Creative Passes Ever

FINAL FOR MILAN

AC Milan is the first finalist for the Coppa Italia tournament this year!
Rossoneri defeat Alessandria 6-0 on aggregate to reach the TIM Cup final.
ACM ran out 5-0 winners on Tuesday night in the return-leg of the TIM Cup semi-finals and sealed a place in the 2016 final in Rome at the expense of Alessandria.
Milan went into the cup tie at the San Siro with a 1-0 lead from the first-leg and enjoyed the first chance of the game after only 7 minutes. Juraj Kucka did brilliantly to weave his way into the box before pulling back for Keisuke Honda, only for the Japanese star to blaze his effort over the bar.
At the other end, Christian Abbiati was called into action and did well to race off his line and stop Fischnaller from turning in after an excellent through ball from Marras.
Alessandria held their own in the opening exchanges but Milan eventually found the breakthrough and on 20 minutes, Jeremy Menez beat the offside trap and struck the ball beyond the on-rushing Grigi shot-stopper and into the far bottom corner.
With that strike, the floodgates opened and just four minutes later Kucka headed a corner into the path of Alessio Romagnoli who buried the ball home from close range. It was the Italian defender’s first goal in Milan colours.
On the stroke of half-time, Menez scored his second of the night and opened up a three goal cushion for the Rossoneri. Andrea Poli was the provider this time around and the Frenchman made no mistakes to seal his brace from close distance.
The Rossoneri took their foot off the gas after the restart with Alessandria creating most of the chances but it was Milan’s night and with a late flurry Milan added a further two goals. On 80 minutes, Romagnoli scored again and then on 89 minutes Balotelli completed the rout for a final score on aggregate of 6-0 to Milan.
In the final battle, ACM will face either Internazionale or Juventus ( Juve 3:0 Inter the firts leg). They play the second semifinal tonight at 20:45 CET.

Interesting facts:
332 the number of days since Jeremy Menez’s last goal for Milan. Before his brace against Alessandria, the Frenchman’s last strike for the club was April 4, 2015 in a 2-1 victory for the Rossoneri at Palermo.
13 the number of years since the Rossoneri last reached the final of the Italian Cup. The season was 2002/2003 and Milan beat Roma over two legs to lift the prestigious trophy in the same year that the club also won the European Cup.
Alessio Romagnolithe defender opened his account in Milan colours in style by netting a brace versus Alessandria.
8 the number of Milan players to have found the back of the net this season in the TIM Cup for a total of 15 goals. They are the following: M'Baye Niang (3), Luiz Adriano (2), Carlos Bacca (2), Alessio Romagnoli (2), Mario Balotelli (2), Jeremy Menez (2), Giacomo Bonaventura (1) and Keisuke Honda (1).
19 April 2014 the last time Mario Balotelli was on the score-sheet at the San Siro before sealing a 5-0 victory over Alessandria on Tuesday night. On that occasion, Livorno were the opponents and Milan ran out 3-0 winners.

Tuesday 1 March 2016

THE BULGARIAN MARTENITSA!

Martenitsa - an Unique Ancient Bulgarian Tradition

Chestita Baba Marta! (Happy Grandma Marta!)

 



https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Martenitsa-blossom.JPG/250px-Martenitsa-blossom.JPG
On the 1st of March Bulgarian people celebrate a traditional holiday called Baba Marta (or Grandma Marta in English) and it is related to welcoming the approaching spring. Peolpe all over the world meet spring with joy and new hopes but in Bulgaria it is saved as an ancient tradition.
On that day, Bulgarians exchange, so called "Martenitsi" ("Martenitsa" - singular, "Martenitsi" - plural) and tell each other, "Chestita Baba Marta!" (Happy Grandma Marta!). This custom is essentially to wish great health, good luck, and happiness to family and friends. The name "Martenitsa" is taken from the Bulgarian word for March, or, as a legend tells, an angry old lady called Grandma Marta - Baba Marta in Bulgarian ("baba" means grandmother and Marta comes from word "mart", which means March in Bulgarian).
In Bulgarian folklore Baba Marta is a grumpy old woman who changes her mood very rapidly and it reflects in the changeable March weather. When she is smiling the weather is sunny and warm, but if she gets angry the cold will stay for longer and it may even snow. By wearing the red and white colors of the Martenitsa our predecessors asked Baba Marta for mercy. They hoped that it will make winter pass faster and bring spring.
The Martenitsa is made of twined red and white threads - woollen, silk, or cotton. The white is a symbol of strength, purity and happiness. The red is associated with health, blood, conception, and fertility.
The most typical Martenitsa represents two small wool dolls - Pizho and Penda. Pizho is the male doll, usually dominating in white color. Penda is the female doll, usually dominating in red color and distinguished by her skirt. There are many other variations and forms. Out of twined red and white threads are also made bracelets, necklaces, tassels, pompons, balls, squares, human or animal figures. Over the past several decades the tradition has been innovated by attaching all kinds of representations and symbols made of wood, leather, ceramics, metal foil to the thread-made martenitsas.
When someone gives you a Martenitsa you should wear it either pinned on your clothes, on the hand tied around the wrist, or around your neck until you see a stork, or a fruit tree in blossom for the first time in the season. After that you can tie it on a blossoming tree for fertility. It is believed that the Martenitsa bring health, happiness and longevity. Like kind of amulet, Martenitsa was attributed a magic power believed to protect folks from "ill fortune", diseases and an evil eye.
The custom of wearing Martenitsa is probably one of the most interesting Bulgarian (pagan) tradition and it is considered to be unique to Bulgaria. According to one of the many legends, this tradition is also related to the founding of the Bulgarian state in 681 AD.